How can we tell the difference between an inference and an observation? Objective Students will: 1) Explain the difference between inference and observation and 2) Analyze an “artifact” making observation and inference statements. Background This lesson plan is one in a series that uses archeology to teach concepts everyone needs to know. It can be used as-is, or be customized with images, objects, or stories representative of a particular park or place. Lesson plans in this series are: What Is (and Isn’t) Archeology? Inference vs. Observation in Archeology Primary vs. Secondary Sources in Arc Duration: 60 Minutes Additional Standards: K-4:2b, 2d, 2f 5-8: 1c, 2d, 2f.